Q. 5 (A) : Explain about Multitasking operating system in detail.
Answer :
Multitasking, in an operating system, is allowing a user to perform more than one computer task (such as the operation of an application program) at a time. The operating system is able to keep track of where you are in these tasks and go from one to the other without losing information. Microsoft Windows 2000, IBM's OS/390, and Linux are examples of operating systems that can do multitasking (almost all of today's operating systems can). When you open your Web browser and then open Word at the same time, you are causing the operating system to do multitasking.
Being able to do multitasking doesn't mean that an unlimited number of tasks can be juggled at the same time. Each task consumes system storage and other resources. As more tasks are started, the system may slow down or begin to run out of shared storage.
It is easy to confuse multitasking with Multithreading, a somewhat different idea.
Q. 5 (B) : Convert (B5A)16 to Octal.
Answer :
|
Result: |
|
5532 |
Q. 5 (C ) : Explain about the hardware components of general-purpose computers?
Answer :
Basic computer consists of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a control unit, main memory and your input-output devices. However, these are not commonly used terms at the computer shop, and will not get you very far if you are trying to buy a general purpose computer. Besides the monitor, keyboard and mouse, which are effectively output devices, you will require four basic hardware components in the case of your PC: the motherboard, central processing unit, hard disk drive and power supply.
Motherboard with RAM
Choosing the right motherboard is very important, as all of
the other components slot into this piece of hardware, so you have to ensure
that everything is compatible with each other. For a general purpose computer,
you won't need a top-of-the-line motherboard, but if you want to avoid
upgrading too soon again it is best to go for a model that can accommodate all
the latest technology. This will prevent you from having to replace the
motherboard if, for instance, you decide to upgrade the CPU. For a general
purpose computer, an integrated motherboard that has the graphics card, sound
card and network card on-board should be the cheapest option, so you won't need
to buy those cards separately. Also be sure to ask for compatible RAM when you
purchase a motherboard. The amount of RAM influences your system performance,
so what you choose will depend on how fast you require the computer to be.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
As it is the "brain" of your PC, the CPU is one of
its most important components. The processor determines what your computer is
capable of and how fast it processes tasks. Modern-day CPUs all have multiple
cores, which means it can process different tasks simultaneously. The more
cores, the faster the CPU will be -- but it will also be more expensive. For a
general purpose computer, a dual core should be sufficient unless you are
planning to do very intensive video and photo editing.
Storage
Every computer needs a storage component, and for a general
purpose computer a hard disk drive should be sufficient. Other options include
a solid state drive or a hybrid between a SSD and a regular hard disk drive.
These options are more expensive than a normal hard drive, although both are a
bit faster at finding data as they make use of flash memory. As of 2013, hard
disk drives can store capacities of up to four terabytes, but a general purpose
computer doesn't need that much unless you work with large video and image
files that take up a lot of space.
Power Supply
The power supply is the device that converts power from your
outlet to the other components, so each component gets what it needs. Each
piece of hardware in the computer has other power requirements, and the power
supply has to provide that. The more components in your computer, the more power
they need to draw, and the higher the required capacity of your power supply.
For a general purpose computer, a 350-Watt power supply should be sufficient.
However, don't skimp on your power supply and buy the cheapest out there unless
your area has a very stable power connection. High-end power supplies have
extra built-in safety features to protect the system from power surges.
Q. 6 (A) : Write notes on features of PowerPoint.
Answer :
PowerPoint is a highly innovative and versatile program that
can ensure you a successful communication whether you’re presenting in front of
potential investors, a lecture theatre or simply in front of your colleagues.
Below are five features you should be using – if you aren't already. Learn
everything about these tips: they will improve your presentation skills and
allow you to communicate your message successfully.
Adding Smart Art
Don’t confuse SmartArt with the similarly named WordArt.
Where WordArt just allows you to display text using a wide variety of different
formats and effects, SmartArt is a comprehensive and flexible business diagram
tool that greatly improves upon the ‘Diagram Gallery’ feature found in previous
versions of Office.
Click the insert SmartChart Graphic to choose from a
selection of options.
SmartArt can be used to create professional diagrams that
include pictures and text or combinations of the two. An obvious use of
SmartArt would be to create an organisation chart but it can be used for many
different kinds of diagrams and even to provide some variety to slides using
text bullet points.
Inserting Shapes
If you need to include some sort of diagram in your
presentation, then the quickest and easiest way is probably to use SmartArt.
However, it is important to be able to include shapes independently of SmartArt
and worth being familiar with the various Drawing Tool format options.
Not only will they be useful if you do need to manually draw
a diagram (and SmartArt doesn’t suit all diagrams), but they can also be
applied to objects on a slide that you might not immediately think of as
shapes. For example the box that contains your slide title or your content.
This can be anything from text to a video, or even the individual shapes in a
SmartArt diagram.
As you can see, the gallery of available shapes is very
extensive. Once you have selected your chosen shape, you can just click in your
slide to insert a default version of the shape or, to set a particular size and
position, click and drag with the mouse to create the shape and size you want.
Inserting an Image
Here are two content type icons which appear in new content
Placeholders for inserting pictures. You can Insert Picture from File or Insert
Clip Art. Alternatively, the Illustrations group of the Insert ribbon tab
includes the same two tools. In addition, PowerPoint 2010 has a new
‘Screenshot’ option that allows you to capture an entire window or part of a
window for inclusion on a slide. You can also copy any image and just paste it
directly to a slide.
Insert Picture from File allows you to browse to an image
file saved somewhere on your system whereas Clip Art is held in an indexed
gallery of different media types. Clip Art is not limited to pictures: ‘The
Results should be:’ box lets you choose between: ‘All media file types’ and one
or more of the following different types:
- · Illustrations
- · Photographs
- · Video
- · Audio
Once you have found the image you want to use, click on it
to insert it into the current slide. You can now re-size and move the image
accordingly with further editting options available when you right click the
desired image.
Slide Transitions
Properly used, slide transitions can be make your
presentations clearer and more interesting and, where appropriate, more fun.
Badly used, the effect of slide transitions can be closer to irritating or even
nauseating. Simple animation effects are often used to add interest to bullet
point text. Much more extreme animation effects are available but, in most
cases, should be used sparingly if at all.
Two main kinds of animation are available in a PowerPoint
presentation: the transition from one slide to the next and the animation of
images/text on a specific slide.
In PowerPoint 2010 & 2013 there is also a separate
Transitions ribbon tab that includes a gallery of different transition effects.
These can be applied to selected slides or all slides. If you want to apply
different transition effects to different groups of slides, then you might want
to choose ‘Slide Sorter’ view from the Presentation Views group of the View
ribbon.
Q. 6 (B) : Explain common
characteristic of the computer.
Answer :
The characteristics of computers that have made them so powerful
and universally useful are speed, accuracy, diligence, versatility and storage
capacity. Let us discuss them briefly.
Speed
Computers work at an incredible speed. A powerful computer is
capable of performing about 3-4 million simple instructions per second.
Accuracy
In addition to being fast, computers are also accurate. Errors
that may occur can almost always be attributed to human error (inaccurate data,
poorly designed system or faulty instructions/programs written by the
programmer)
Diligence
Unlike human beings, computers are highly consistent. They do not
suffer from human traits of boredom and tiredness resulting in lack of
concentration. Computers, therefore, are better than human beings in performing
voluminous and repetitive jobs.
Versatility
Computers are versatile machines and are capable of performing any
task as long as it can be broken down into a series of logical steps. The presence
of computers can be seen in almost every sphere – Railway/Air reservation,
Banks, Hotels, Weather forecasting and many more.
Storage Capacity
Today’s computers can store large volumes of data. A piece of
information once recorded (or stored) in the computer, can never be forgotten
and can be retrieved almost instantaneously.
Q. 6 (C ) : Explain
in detail about system
Answer :
An information system (IS) is a formal, sociotechnical,
organizational system designed to collect, process, store, and distribute
information.[1] In a sociotechnical perspective, information systems are
composed by four components: task, people, structure (or roles), and
technology.
A computer information system is a system composed of people and
computers that processes or interprets information. The term is also sometimes
used to simply refer to a computer system with software installed.
Information Systems is an academic study of systems with a
specific reference to information and the complementary networks of hardware
and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process,
create and also distribute data. An emphasis is placed on an information system
having a definitive boundary, users, processors, storage, inputs, outputs and
the aforementioned communication networks.
Any specific information system aims to support operations,
management and decision-making.[8][9] An information system is the information
and communication technology (ICT) that an organization uses, and also the way
in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes.
Some authors make a clear distinction between information systems,
computer systems, and business processes. Information systems typically include
an ICT component but are not purely concerned with ICT, focusing instead on the
end use of information technology. Information systems are also different from
business processes. Information systems help to control the performance of
business processes.
Alter argues for advantages of viewing an information system as a
special type of work system. A work system is a system in which humans or
machines perform processes and activities using resources to produce specific
products or services for customers. An information system is a work system
whose activities are devoted to capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving,
manipulating and displaying information.
As such, information systems inter-relate with data systems on the
one hand and activity systems on the other. An information system is a form of
communication system in which data represent and are processed as a form of
social memory. An information system can also be considered a semi-formal
language which supports human decision making and action.
Q. 7 (A) : Explain the binary number system.
Answer :
Binary
number system, in mathematics, positional numeral system employing 2 as the
base and so requiring only two different symbols for its digits, 0 and 1,
instead of the usual 10 different symbols needed in the decimal system. The
numbers from 0 to 10 are thus in binary 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000,
1001, and 1010. The importance of the binary system to information theory and
computer technology derives mainly from the compact and reliable manner in
which 0s and 1s can be represented in electromechanical devices with two
states—such as “on-off,” “open-closed,” or “go–no go.” (See numerals and
numeral systems: The binary system.)
How do we Count using Binary?
It is just like counting in decimal except we reach 10 much
sooner.
|
Binary |
|
|
0 |
We start at 0 |
|
1 |
Then 1 |
|
??? |
But then there is no symbol for 2 ... what do we do? |
|
Well how do we count in Decimal? |
|
||
|
|
0 |
Start at 0 |
|
|
|
... |
Count 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, and then... |
|
|
|
9 |
This is the last digit in Decimal |
|
|
|
10 |
So we start back at 0 again, but add 1 on the left |
|
|
|
Binary |
|
|
|
0 |
Start at 0 |
|
• |
1 |
Then 1 |
|
•• |
10 |
Now start back at 0 again, but add 1 on the left |
|
••• |
11 |
1 more |
|
•••• |
??? |
But NOW what ... ? |
What happens in Decimal?
|
|||
|
|
99 |
|
When we run out of digits, we ... |
|
|
100 |
|
... start back at 0 again, but add 1 on the left |
|
|
Binary |
|
|
|
0 |
Start at 0 |
|
• |
1 |
Then 1 |
|
•• |
10 |
Start back at 0 again, but add 1 on the left |
|
••• |
11 |
|
|
•••• |
100 |
start back at 0 again, and add one to the number on the left... |
|
••••• |
101 |
|
|
•••••• |
110 |
|
|
••••••• |
111 |
|
|
•••••••• |
1000 |
Start back at 0 again (for all 3 digits), |
|
••••••••• |
1001 |
And so on! |
Q. 7 (B) : Compare
Compiler, Interpreter and Assembler?
Answer :
What is Compiler
A compiler is a language translator that converts high level
programs into machine understandable machine codes. In this process, the compiler
converts the whole program to machine code at a time. If there are any
syntactic or semantic error, the compiler will indicate them. It checks the
whole program and displays all errors. It is not possible to execute the
program without fixing those errors. Programming languages such as C,
C++ uses a compiler for language conversion. The execution time is lower in
these languages. Therefore, they are considered fast languages.
What is Interpreter
An interpreter is also a language translator that converts high
level programs into machine codes. Unlike compilers, interpreters convert the
source code to machine code line by line. As it checks line by line, the
scanning time is lower. But the overall execution time is higher.
Interpreter displays an error at a time. The programmer should fix
that error to interpret the next line. Programming languages such as Python,
Ruby, PHP, Perl are some examples of interpreter-based languages.
What is Assembler
In addition to high level languages and machine language, there is
another language called the assembly language. Assembly language is in between
the high level languages and machine language. It is closer to machine language
than high level languages. It is also called low level language. This language
is not easily readable and understandable by the programmer like a high level
programming language. The assembler works as the translator in converting the
assembly language program to machine code.
Difference between Compiler and Interpreter –
|
COMPILER |
INTERPRETER |
|
A compiler is a program which coverts the entire source code of a
programming language into executable machine code for a CPU. |
interpreter takes a source program and runs it line by line,
translating each line as it comes to it. |
|
Compiler takes large amount of time to analyze the entire source code
but the overall execution time of the program is comparatively faster. |
Interpreter takes less amount of time to analyze the source code but
the overall execution time of the program is slower. |
|
Compiler generates the error message only after scanning the whole
program, so debugging is comparatively hard as the error can be present any
where in the program. |
Its Debugging is easier as it continues translating the program until
the error is met |
|
Generates intermediate object code. |
No intermediate object code is generated. |
|
Examples: C, C++, Java |
Examples: Python, Perl |
Q. 7 (C ) : What is Linux and what are its features ?
Answer :
Linux is fast, free and easy to use, power laptops and servers around the world. Linux has many more features to amaze its users such as:
- Live CD/USB: Almost all Linux distributions have Live CD/USB feature by which user can run/try the OS even without installing it on the system
- Graphical user interface (X Window System): People think that Linux is a command line OS, somewhere its true also but not necessarily, Linux have packages which can be installed to make the whole OS graphics based as Windows.
- Support’s most national or customized keyboards: Linux is used worldwide and hence available in multiple languages, and supports most of their custom national keyboards.
·
Application Support: Linux has its own software
repository from where users can download and install thousands of applications
just by issuing a command in Linux Terminal or Shell. Linux can also run
Windows applications if needed.
Q. 8 (A) : Explain about Mail-Merge facility in MS-Word with proper steps.
Answer :
Mail merging means to plug data from an address table into
form letters, e-mail messages, envelopes, address labels, or a directory (a
list or catalog, for example). To start a mail merge, choose Tools | Letters
and Mailings | Mail Merge Wizard to open the Mail Merge task pane.
Step 1:
Select a Document Type The first step is to select what Word calls a
“document type” in the Mail Merge task pane, what kind of mail-merge you want
to undertake: form letters, e-mail messages, envelopes for mass-mailings,
labels for mass-mailings, or a directory (a list or catalog). Choose an option
button and click Next at the bottom of the task pane to go to
step 2.
Step 2: Select a Starting Document What Word calls the “starting
document” is the document in which the merging takes place. In other words, the
address or other data you retrieve will land in the document you choose or
create now. You can create a new start document or use an existing one. In the
case of labels and envelopes, you tell Word what size labels or envelopes you
intend to print on. In the case of form letters, e-mail messages, and
directories, you supply the text either by making use of a document you’ve
written already or writing a new document.
Step 3:
Q. 8 (A) : Explain about Mail-Merge facility in MS-Word with proper steps.
Answer :
Mail merging means to plug data from an address table into
form letters, e-mail messages, envelopes, address labels, or a directory (a
list or catalog, for example). To start a mail merge, choose Tools | Letters
and Mailings | Mail Merge Wizard to open the Mail Merge task pane.
Step 1:
Select a Document Type The first step is to select what Word calls a
“document type” in the Mail Merge task pane, what kind of mail-merge you want
to undertake: form letters, e-mail messages, envelopes for mass-mailings,
labels for mass-mailings, or a directory (a list or catalog). Choose an option
button and click Next at the bottom of the task pane to go to
step 2.
Step 2: Select a Starting Document What Word calls the “starting
document” is the document in which the merging takes place. In other words, the
address or other data you retrieve will land in the document you choose or
create now. You can create a new start document or use an existing one. In the
case of labels and envelopes, you tell Word what size labels or envelopes you
intend to print on. In the case of form letters, e-mail messages, and
directories, you supply the text either by making use of a document you’ve
written already or writing a new document.
Step 3:
Select Recipients In step 3, you tell Word where to get the data that
you will merge into the starting document you created or supplied in step 2.
You can retrieve the data from a table in a Word document, an Access database
table or query, or the address book or contact list where you store your
addresses. You can also create a new list for the data if you haven’t entered
the data in a file yet.
Step 4:
Write/Arrange Your Document In step 4, you insert the merge fields, the
parts of the starting document that differ from recipient to recipient. By
inserting merge fields, you tell Word where to plug information from the data
source into the starting document. You also tell Word which data to take from
the data source. Word offers special tools for entering an address block – the
recipient’s address, including his or her name, company, title, street address,
city, and zip code.
Step 5:
Preview Your Document In step 5, you get a chance to see what your form
letters, e-mail messages, envelopes, labels, or directory will look like after
they are printed or sent. In this step, you find out what the document will
look like when real data is plugged into it. If something is amiss in the
document, you can click the Previous link to return to step 4, the
Write/Arrange your document task pane, and make changes there.
Step 6:
Complete the Merge Step 6 is where you complete the merge by either
printing a new document or saving the new file and printing it later. By saving
the merged data in a new file, you can edit the file before printing it. In the
case of e-mail messages, you click the Electronic Mail link to tell Word to
send the e-mail messages.
Step 4:
Write/Arrange Your Document In step 4, you insert the merge fields, the
parts of the starting document that differ from recipient to recipient. By
inserting merge fields, you tell Word where to plug information from the data
source into the starting document. You also tell Word which data to take from
the data source. Word offers special tools for entering an address block – the
recipient’s address, including his or her name, company, title, street address,
city, and zip code.
Step 5:
Preview Your Document In step 5, you get a chance to see what your form
letters, e-mail messages, envelopes, labels, or directory will look like after
they are printed or sent. In this step, you find out what the document will
look like when real data is plugged into it. If something is amiss in the
document, you can click the Previous link to return to step 4, the
Write/Arrange your document task pane, and make changes there.
Step 6:
Complete the Merge Step 6 is where you complete the merge by either
printing a new document or saving the new file and printing it later. By saving
the merged data in a new file, you can edit the file before printing it. In the
case of e-mail messages, you click the Electronic Mail link to tell Word to
send the e-mail messages.
Q. 8 (B) : What is a Relational Database ? What is a key ? What are
different keys in database ?
Answer :
Relational Database
A relational database is a type of database that stores and
provides access to data points that are related to one another. Relational
databases are based on the relational model, an intuitive, straightforward way
of representing data in tables. In a relational database, each row in the table
is a record with a unique ID called the key. The columns of the table hold
attributes of the data, and each record usually has a value for each attribute,
making it easy to establish the relationships among data points.
Key
eys are very important part of Relational database model. They are used
to establish and identify relationships between tables and also to uniquely
identify any record or row of data inside a table.A Key can be a single
attribute or a group of attributes, where the combination may act as a key.The
video below covers all about the different keys in an RDBMS.
Types of Keys
- Super Key - A super key is a group of single or multiple keys which identifies rows in a table.
- Primary Key - is a column or group of columns in a table that uniquely identify every row in that table.
- Candidate Key - is a set of attributes that uniquely identify tuples in a table. Candidate Key is a super key with no repeated attributes.
- Alternate Key - is a column or group of columns in a table that uniquely identify every row in that table.
- Foreign Key - is a column that creates a relationship between two tables. The purpose of Foreign keys is to maintain data integrity and allow navigation between two different instances of an entity.
- Compound Key - has two or more attributes that allow you to uniquely recognize a specific record. It is possible that each column may not be unique by itself within the database.
- Composite Key - An artificial key which aims to uniquely identify each record is called a surrogate key. These kind of key are unique because they are created when you don't have any natural primary key.
Q. 8 (C ) : Explain about significance of information technology in
education.
Answer :
There are countless reasons why technology is a key aspect
of learning in the schools. Whether we like it or not, technology is
everywhere; and in order for our students to survive in post-secondary
education and the business world, they must know technology.
To narrow it down, we came up with 10 reasons for the
importance of technology in education:
Students demand it.
Students are engaging with technology constantly outside of
the classroom. Kids like to be interactive, and learning through technology has
now become a part of their lifestyle.
New teachers are demanding it.
The technology movement has been implemented in
post-secondary education as well as other professional jobs. For new teachers,
technology is considered a necessity for the learning environment.
Kids are the digital native.
Kids know technology better than most adults. It has become
the easiest way they learn, because it is such an integral part of their life.
Engaging with technology in the classroom has not only helped them learn
better, but they also acquire multi-tasking skills. At this day in age, they
hardly know how to learn without it. This knowledge is important, because they
would be way behind in the real world without it.
Kids can learn at their own pace.
We know from years of experience that kids learn at their
own pace, but sometimes the traditional classroom makes it difficult to do so.
With the integration of technology in education, children have the ability to
slow down and go back over lessons and concepts, and more advanced kids can go
ahead. It also frees up the teacher to help kids on a more one-on-one level.
With technology, there are no limitations.
Having access to other information outside of the book gives
students many different ways to learn a concept. Teachers can come up with
creative ways to teach their students that keeps them engaged. Technology has
changed the learning environment so that learning is more hands-on. Schools
throughout the nation are diverse in income, and often kids don’t always get
the resources they need. The implementation of technology in schools helps
close that gap.
Technology has the ability to enhance relationships between teachers and
students.
When teachers effectively integrate technology into subject
areas, teachers grow into roles of adviser, content expert, and coach.
Technology helps make teaching and learning more meaningful and fun. Students
are also able to collaborate with their own classmates through technological
applications.
Testing has gone online
One protocol that schools don’t have control over, but must
adapt to, is online testing. Testing online is the way of the future, but it
has a lot of advantages. Assessing students’ performance can be done instantly
with technology. Beyond seeing test scores in real-time, teachers can better
track and understand students’ grasp of the subject.
Multitude of resources
Computers, tablets, and other forms of technology bring
multiple resources for the teacher that’s not in the book. They not only keep
students engaged with exciting new features and apps, but also have other ways
to teach students material. Every kid learns differently, and technology helps
with this gap as well.
Technology keeps kids engaged.
The students of this generation are considered technological
learners. They learn best being more interactive, and technology is what helps
them do that. Children often struggle to stay on task or interested, and with
resources to help the teacher, they can better stay focused and learn faster.
Technology is necessary to succeed outside of primary and secondary
education
Whether we like it or not, technology is an essential
concept to learn. Because it changes so quickly, children are better off
learning about it sooner. It is a primary part of every industry, and there is
no way around it. These days, technology means more than just learning basic
computing skills. Technology has made itself part of every aspect of our lives
today, and the students who understand it are the ones who succeed in the
business world.
Q. 9 Differentiate between any three of the following:
(a) Open Source Software and Proprietary Software
(b) RAM and ROM
(c) SPAM and VIRUS
(d) TEMPLATE and WIZARD
Answer 9 . (a) :
|
Points |
Open Source |
Proprietary Software |
|
Definition |
Open Source is when the source code is available for anyone to use.
They can change and share it. Everyone has access to open-source software and
it is free to download. This means anyone can use the software, modify it and
then share it among the community. |
Proprietary Software, aka “Closed Source” is different to open
source. Instead of being free for anyone to use, proprietary software is
owned by an individual or company. The source code is usually kept secret.
This means only people with access to the code, can modify and change it.
Proprietary software is also, but not always, paid software. |
|
Examples |
·
WordPress– A Content Management System (CMS)
used for blogs and creating your websites. ·
GitHub – A hosting service that has many of
its features. ·
Mozilla Firefox – A web browser and one of the
most popular browsers available. ·
Linux – One of the most commonly used
operating systems, Linux is found on desktops, mobile phones and a large
number of servers. ·
Android – An operating system that controls
the majority of the world’s smartphones, it is also based on Linux. |
Microsoft Office – Productivity software including a text editor,
powerpoint creator and more. ·
Adobe Photoshop – An image creation and manipulation
program used for digital artwork. ·
Windows – The most widely used operating
system in the world. ·
Internet Security Programs – Designed to keep
your computer safe from online threats. ·
iTunes – A digital media management program to
organise songs, videos, apps and more. ·
Shopify – An eCommerce website where you can
build your online shop. ·
Wix – A website creator ·
Big Commerce – Like Shopify, it is an online
store builder. |
|
Advantages |
You own the website!
If a company went into liquidation while using closed source
software, everything would disappear. If at some point, the CMS platform you
were using stopped trading, you run the risk of losing your website. No Development
Limitations!
When using open-source software, the opportunity to
build whatever you like is there, as long as you have complete flexibility
with the code. Platforms such as WordPress have thousands of developers
building new fantastic plugins and extensions all the time! It’s Free!
One of the biggest advantages of Open Source
Software is how it is available for anyone to access. Aside from hosting
costs, it is free, meaning smaller businesses or individuals don’t have to
splash out the cash that they don’t necessarily have at the beginning,
allowing you to scale up your business and bring in more clients. The Community!
Open-Source software is free. This means a lot of
people use it, which then creates a community. This community is very
supportive where people can contribute to improving your code. You can have
new ideas constantly flowing and improving your product. People can improve
already existing code, finding mistakes and correcting them for you – which
is a massive advantage! It also means developers who want to work on or add
features to their favourite programs have the opportunity to do so. |
Specific Features
Proprietary software is made by an individual or company for specific
use by its users. This means that the main focus of all development to the
software will be based on creating, maintaining and improving the features needed
for the best use of the program.
Open-source projects are not managed with the same end goal in mind. Refinement
Release cycles for proprietary software are longer than open-source
cycles. However, dedicated teams of software developers who work hard to make
the program refined in terms of speed, stability and the number of features. Better Support
The customer service you receive when you have a problem with the
software should be extremely helpful to you. With a team dedicated to helping
you with issues, you’ve encountered. Although they do only have a basic
knowledge compared to the developers who created the software, they should be
able to help you with what you need. |
|
Disadvantages |
Refinement
Although proprietary software release cycles are longer,
by the time a new version is released, it has been years in the making. This
means it is more refined, leading to a better product overall. Bugs and Issues
Companies and developers who run and manage open
source systems may not have the resources to test and check their updates to
the same standard as proprietary companies. New updates are rolled out
frequently which means they may contain more bugs and have more opportunities
for something to go wrong. Development Experience
Just like everything else, coding is something that
takes time to master and if someone is not an experienced programmer any
additions to the base code of the software may not be an improvement. In some
cases, they will not work as intended or perhaps even cause the software to crash. |
Monthly Subscription Costs
A lot of proprietary software is developed by large
businesses. This means you have to pay to use that software. This may be in
the form of a one-off license fee or a continuous subscription. Slow Updates
Proprietary systems will usually have longer wait
times between updates. Which means you’ll miss out on new features being
added as your not due to update yet. They may have emergency updates if there
is a need to fix a serious issue or security flaw. Unable to be Modified
Because proprietary software does not give users the
license to modify it, users are stuck with the software looking and behaving
the way the developer intended. Many open-source programs allow users to
download extra themes and plugins to customise it to the user’s
preference. |
Q. 9 (B) Difference between RAM and ROM?
Answer :
|
DIFFERENCE |
RAM |
ROM |
|
Data
retention |
RAM is a
volatile memory which could store the data as long as the power is supplied. |
ROM is a
non-volatile memory which could retain the data even when power is turned
off. |
|
Working type |
Data stored
in RAM can be retrieved and altered. |
Data stored
in ROM can only be read. |
|
Use |
Used to store
the data that has to be currently processed by CPU temporarily. |
It stores the
instructions required during bootstrap of the computer. |
|
Speed |
It
is a high-speed memory. |
It
is much slower than the RAM. |
|
CPU
Interaction |
The
CPU can access the data stored on it. |
The
CPU can not access the data stored on it unless the data is stored in RAM. |
|
Size
and Capacity |
Large
size with higher capacity. |
Small
size with less capacity. |
|
Used
as/in |
CPU
Cache, Primary memory. |
Firmware,
Micro-controllers |
|
Accessibility |
The
data stored is easily accessible |
The
data stored is not as easily accessible as in RAM |
|
Cost |
Costlier |
cheaper
than RAM. |
Q. 9 (C ) : Difference between Virus and Span.
Answer :
Virus
A virus is a program which can self-replicate and insert
itself into other applications on your computer. They vary in the amount of
damage they can do, from simply slowing your computer down so much it becomes
almost unusable to the worst scenario, which is destroying data, disabling
software and deleting files.
Spam
Spam is unsolicited or junk email that clogs up your email
inbox. The best way to deal with spam is not to open it or reply to it. Use
your spam filter and if you are using a email site such as Gmail, be sure to
report the spam, as every piece reported is added to a database. Be aware of
which websites you enter your email address on, make sure the site states they
will not sell your details onto a third party. When you sign up to some
legitimate sites they will try to opt you in to as many advertising emails as
possible, simply un-tick all the opt-in boxes.
Q. 9 (D) Difference between Template and Wizard ?
Answer :
Template
A template is a ready made blank document, with placeholders
for items like text and graphics.
Templates are very useful. They are the skeletons of a
document with much of the format of the document already laid out, for example
headings, colour, fonts, tables and text boxes already set up. They speed up
the creation of new documents because much of the design work has been done for
you.
Under each of the tabs below are a number of templates of
different designs. The one previwed is a template that can be used in
PowerPoint.
Wizard
A wizard is a feature in a package that guides you through a
complicated task. A popular use of wizards in general purpose packages is to
take you, step by step, through the process of setting up a document. This
wizard guides you through the stages involved in setting up a desktop
publishing document.
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