NIELIT O Level Solve Paper
IT Tools and Business Application
Q5 B) Explain the functions of Operating Systems.
Solution :
Operating system provide
interface between user and computer. An operating system (OS)
is system software that manages computer
hardware and software resources
and provides common services for computer
programs. All computer
programs, excluding firmware,driver,
require an operating system to function.
functions of OS are following
Memory management
Memory management is the functionality
of an operating system which handles or manages primary memory and moves
processes back and forth between main memory and disk during execution. Memory
management keeps track of each and every memory location, regardless of either
it is allocated to some process or it is free. It checks how much memory is to
be allocated to processes. It decides which process will get memory at what
time. It tracks whenever some memory gets freed or unallocated and
correspondingly it updates the status.
Process management
Process management is an
integral part of any modern-day operating
system (OS). The OS must allocate resources to processes, enable processes to share and
exchange information, protect the resources of each process from other
processes and enable synchronisation among processes.
Source Wikipedia
Device Management
An Operating System manages
device communication via their respective drivers. It does the following
activities for device management −
- Keeps tracks of all devices. Program responsible for this task is known as the I/O controller.
- Decides which process gets the device when and for how much time.
- Allocates the device in the efficient way.
- De-allocates devices.
File Management
A file system is normally
organized into directories for easy navigation and usage. These directories may
contain files and other directions.
An Operating System does the
following activities for file management −
·
Keeps track of information, location, uses,
status etc. The collective facilities are often known as file system.
- Decides who gets the resources.
- Allocates the resources.
- De-allocates the resource
Other Important Activities
Following are some of the
important activities that an Operating System performs −
- Security − By means of password and similar other techniques, it prevents unauthorized access to programs and data.
- Control over system performance − Recording delays between request for a service and response from the system.
- Job accounting − Keeping track of time and resources used by various jobs and users.
- Error detecting aids − Production of dumps, traces, error messages, and other debugging and error detecting aids.
- Coordination between other softwares and users − Coordination and assignment of compilers, interpreters, assemblers and other software to the various users of the computer systems.
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