Function

A function is a combination of more than one statement which execute together one by one to achieved some specific task. Function code run while calling. There are many variety of functions some takes arguments and return something or takes argument and doesn’t return and more.

C language is known as building block of function all the things of programming is achieved through function. Program gets start running with main function.

Types

No argument, No return

This type of function neither returns anything nor takes arguments. When a function doesn’t have something to return then void is used. Void indicates no return.

Example

Constructor PHP

Constructor used in object oriented language for allocate space while creating object. A constructor also helps initialize a variable while declaring.

Every object oriented language built in support for programming. PHP is also a server side script and object oriented language. So should know how can you use constructor is elaborate in following example.

<?php
class Foo
{
    private $roll, $name, $city;
    function __construct($roll, $name, $city)
    {
        $this->roll = $roll;

Compile time vs Run time error

Compile time

1.      The program need not satisfy any invariants. In fact, it needn't be a well-formed program at all. You could feed this HTML to the compiler and watch it barf...

2.      What can go wrong at compile time:

·         Syntax errors

·         Type checking errors

·         (Rarely) compiler crashes

3.      If the compiler succeeds, what do we know?

·         The program was well formed---a meaningful program in whatever language.

·         It's possible to start running the program. (The program might fail immediately, but at least we can try.)

4.      What are the inputs and outputs?

·         Input was the program being compiled, plus any header files, interfaces, libraries, or other voodoo that it needed to import in order to get compiled.

·         Output is hopefully assembly code or relocatable object code or even an executable program. Or if something goes wrong, output is a bunch of error messages.

Run time

1.      We know nothing about the program's invariants---they are whatever the programmer put in. Run-time invariants are rarely enforced by the compiler alone; it needs help from the programmer.

2.      What can go wrong are run-time errors:

·         Division by zero

·         Dereferencing a null pointer

·         Running out of memory

Also there can be errors that are detected by the program itself:

·         Trying to open a file that isn't there

·         Trying find a web page and discovering that an alleged URL is not well formed

3.      If run-time succeeds, the program finishes (or keeps going) without crashing.

4.      Inputs and outputs are entirely up to the programmer. Files, windows on the screen, network packets, jobs sent to the printer, you name it. If the program launches missiles, that's an output, and it happens only at run time :-)

 Example compile time error

Array vs Link List

Sr No.	Array	Link List
1	An array is a collection of similar data type	A link list a collection of similar objects which may have array
2	Space allocation continuous	Space allocation random
3	Element of an array is access through its index	Data of link list access through self-referential pointer