Monday 14 March 2016

Bridge : Computer Network



  " Bridge is May be a combination of hardware and software or individual is used to connect two segment of same LAN (Same IP Domain). Bridge decreases the network traffic and also used to connect two different platform LANs like UNIX and Windows.


    A network bridge is software or hardware that connects two or more networks so that they can communicate.
    People with home or small office networks generally use a bridge when they have different types of networks but they want to exchange information or share files among all of the computers on those networks.
     Here's an example. Let's say you have two networks: in one, the computers are connected with cables; and in the other, the computers are connected using wireless technology. The wired computers can only communicate with other wired computers, and the wireless computers can only communicate with other wireless computers. With a network bridge, all of the computers can communicate with each other.

Sunday 6 March 2016

Reading PHP and MySQL a Single Value from a table



When you want to read a single value from a MySQL table following code will help you.

Your need to fetch row using query function with following syntax

     [connection_object]->query(sql statement)

After fetched rows use mysqli_fetch_assoc function for access row by row records
 
    Var_name= mysqli_fetch_assoc([connection_object]->query(SQL Statement))

mysqli_fetch_assoc returns one dimensional array so use can use table column name as index

Thursday 3 March 2016

What is cable Modem


" Simply Dish cable connection to homes "


A cable modem is used in homes for cable services provide by the service provider.Coaxial cable is used to connect our home to cable operator office a modem is attached with television, which convert analog signal to digital signal Vice-Versa.

Saturday 27 February 2016

Baseband



Mainly used in LAN in which entire capacity of the medium is dedicated to a particular device, Simple and small than broad band.

     Digital communication technology in which (in contrast to 'broadband') the entire bandwidth (data carrying capacity) of a medium such as a wire, cable, or channel, is used to transmit a single signal. Therefore, only one communication channel is available at any given time. Baseband is cheaper and simpler (though less versatile) technology than broadband, and is employed in most types of local area networks such as Ethernet and Token Ring.

Why was the OSI developed


  • Educational purpose
  • To make a standard which help to vender for developed network hardware
  • Making a good understanding people of networking concept
  • It’s just a model which help making networking concept more depict able 
  • Making Layering concept more clear than TCP/IP

Directory Service


User friendly information about network resources

     A directory service or name service, maps the names of network resources to their respective network addresses. With the name service type of directory, a user does not have to remember the physical address of a network resource; providing a name locates the resource. Each resource on the network is considered an object on the directory server. Information about a particular resource is stored as attributes of that object. Information within objects can be made secure so that only users with the available permissions are able to access it. More sophisticated directories are designed with namespaces as Subscribers, Services, Devices, Entitlements, Preferences, Content and so on. This design process is highly related to Identity management.

Friday 26 February 2016

C Language program to shift array element with previous one


/* Girfa : C Language program to shift array element with previous one*/
/* Find more question Answer on http://girfahelp.blogspot.in/2012/09/some-program-of-c-language.html */
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int ar[5],i,j;
clrscr();
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
ar[i]=i+1;

Thursday 25 February 2016

Subnet Mask - Subnetting

   The subnet mask is used to divide a network into a further sub network within A private network. Subnetting can be used for security purpose in many cases it enable a network administrator to divide a college network for example into many departments like Botany, Art and Science group network.

   Subnetting is applied on host id we reserve host id bits for subnetting from left to right following example depict all aspects of operation 

What is Subnetting?

Subnetting enables the network administrator to further divide the host part of the address into two or more subnets. In this case, a part of the host address is reserved to identify the particular subnet. This is easier to see if we show the IP address in binary format.

The full address is:

Soft carriage Return

A soft break or soft return is a carriage return automatically inserted by the software program usually because of a word wrap. Soft returns allow you to continue typing without having to press the return key manually at the end of each line. The picture shows an example of soft returns with formatting marks enabled. The soft returns look like an arrow that goes down and then points to the left, much like the arrow seen on the enter key.


In the picture above blue line indicate hard carriage return and red soft carriage return.

Wednesday 24 February 2016

Narrowband ISDN

The first generation of ISDN is called as a narrowband ISDN and it is based on the use of 64 kbps channel as the basic unit of switching and has a circuit switching orientation. The main device in the narrowband ISDN is the frame relay. The second generation of ISDN is referred to as the broadband ISDN (B-ISDN).

Trunk in networking

Trunk


Trunk (Branches between exchanges) in networking is links which enables to connect many clients from a network through sharing a medium or wire frequency we can take example of tree for better understand of trunk.
Tree has a root and many branches whose fulfill their requirement from root.

A trunk is a single transmission channel between two points, each point being either the switching center or the node.

Telephone Local Loop

What is a 'Local Loop'?

The Local Loop in a telephone network (sometimes referred to as the "last mile" of the network) is
the bit that connects your home to your local telephone exchange. It refers literally to the copper
cables that run from your home to the telephone exchange.

Tuesday 23 February 2016

Dynamic Array in PHP

     The array is a collection of similar data types which occupies continuous location in memory. There are two types of array static and dynamic. In dynamic array size can be decreased and increase as requirement which best uses of memory utilization on the other hand static array is fixed in nature you cannot increase and decrease array capacity when require so it’s not popular in PHP. We deal with mostly dynamic array in PHP.

Dynamic Array example code :

<?php

$ar=array("Red","Green","Blue");
for($i=0;$i<count($ar);$i++)
{
echo  "<br>" . ($i+1) . "'st element value " . $ar[$i];
}
?>

Example 2:

$ar[]="";
for ($i = 0; $i <$10; $i++)
{
array_push($ar,$i);
}

for($i=0;$i<count($ar);$i++)
echo "<h2>" . $ar[$i] . "</h2>";

Monday 22 February 2016

Thrashing

     If the number of frames allocated to a low-priority process falls below the minimum number required by the computer architecture, we must suspend that process's execution. We should then page out its remaining pages, freeing all its allocated frames. This provision introduces a swap-in, swap-out level of intermediate CPU scheduling.

     In fact, look at any process that does not have "enough" frames. If the process does not have the number of frames it needs to support pages in active use, it will quickly page-fault. At this point, it must replace some page. However, since all its pages are in active use, it must replace a page that will be needed again right away. Consequently, it quickly faults again, and again, and again, replacing pages that it must bring back in immediately.

     This high paging activity is called thrashing.A process is thrashing if it is spending more time paging than executing.

Reason of Thrashing

     Thrashing results in severe performance problems. Consider the following scenario, which is based on the actual behavior of early paging systems.

SHA1 PHP encryption function

SHA1 accept a string as a key and return hash string which is encrypted. For decryption key is required, which is used in the encryption.

Syntax

string sha1 ( string $str [, bool $raw_output = false ] )

If the optional raw_output is set to TRUE, then the sha1 digest is instead returned in raw binary format with a length of 20, otherwise the returned value is a 40-character hexadecimal number.

Sunday 21 February 2016

Preemption in OS

In computing, preemption is the act of temporarily interrupting a task being carried out by a computer system, without requiring its cooperation, and with the intention of resuming the task at a later time. Such a change is known as a context switch. It is normally carried out by a privileged task or part of the system known as a preemptive scheduler, which has the power to preempt, or interrupt, and later resume, other tasks in the system.

Friday 19 February 2016

Tags - Display HTML code in HTML

There are many times when we want to show HTML tags on our web page mainly when we make some HTML tutorial type application. This enables you to show an HTML code example on your webpage. Following code help you


<xmp>
<h1>Test </h1>
</xmp>

&lt marquee &gt

Thursday 18 February 2016

PHP Variable Scope

Local Variable

     A local variable is accessible only the block where it has defined. When a code block over then the entire local variable inside of block automatically released by the compiler.
<?php
           
            function fun1()
            {                      
                        $a=10;
                        echo $a;
            }
            function fun2()
            {
                        echo $a+10;
                        // Error : Undefined variable: a because it has not defined in fun2 and a is local variable for  fun1
            }          
?>
<?php
            //fun1();
            fun2();
?>

Global Variable

     The scope of a PHP variable depends on where it has defined I.e. when a variable is declared in top side of the PHP code block, then it becomes global variable for all PHP code block but not inside of a function.

Saturday 13 February 2016

M4.1-R4 Application of .NET Technology

M3-R4 Programming and Problem Solving through ‘C’ language

Internet Technology and Web Design

IT Tools and Business Systems

Thursday 11 February 2016

HTML: Special Characters

Punctuation
HTML Entity(case sensitive)
ISO Latin-1 code
name or meaning
&ndash;
&#8211;
en dash
&mdash;
&#8212;
em dash
¡
&iexcl;
&#161;
inverted exclamation
¿
&iquest;
&#191;
inverted question mark
"
&quot;
&#34;
quotation mark
&ldquo;
&#8220;
left double curly quote
&rdquo;
&#8221;
right double curly quote
'

&#39;
apostrophe (single quote)
&lsquo;
&#8216;
left single curly quote
&rsquo;
&#8217;
right single curly quote
«


»

Wednesday 10 February 2016

Java Script Then and Now

Java Script Then and Now

HTML VS CSS

HTMLvsJavaScript

Tuesday 9 February 2016

HTML Tutorial

HTML-Banner


What Is HTML?

HTML is a markup language, not a programming language. In fact, the term HTML is an acronym that stands for Hypertext Markup Language. You can apply this markup language to your pages to display text, images, sound and movie files, and almost any other type of electronic information. You use the language to format documents and link them together, regardless of the type of computer with which the file was originally created.
HTML is written as plain text that any Web browser or word processing software can read. The software does this by identifying specific elements of a document (such as heading, body, and footer), and then defining the way those elements should behave. These elements, called tags, are created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
simple HTML page
<html>
<head>
<title>My Second Web Page</title>
</head>
<body>
Place Your Code Here
</body>
</html>

Paragraphs


In HTML, a paragraph is created whenever you insert text between the <p> tags
<p>This is my first XHTML page.</p>

Headings
HTML enables you to add six different heading tags to your pages by using the tags <h1><h6>. These tags are very simple to use.

<h1>This is Heading 1</h1>

Saturday 6 February 2016

Object Oriented Programming (OOPS)

Object Oriented Programming Banner OOP

Class

     In object oriented programming basic working unit start with a class. Class is a template which comprises all the aspect of an object which is a instance of a class.

     In OOP we first create a class to solve any problem. A Class is divide into two parts first is Data section other is function or method section. In data section we get data member which are needed to solve a problem and function section we implement function section functions are defined which handle data.

Class Diagram example OOPs

Monday 1 February 2016

How to make HTML File using PHP

If you are familiar with C filing programming then your knowledge will be work here. Just copy and paste the following complete code and implement your logic as you want 

<?php 
if($_POST['submit'])
{
$myfile = fopen($_POST['fnm'].".html", "w") or die("Unable to open file!");
;
fwrite($myfile, $_POST['msg']);
fclose($myfile);
}
?>

YouTube HTML 5 Embed iframe code from URL with PHP

Hi folks
I was making a website and my client request me to upload youtube video on his website. For do this take some fact about youtube video



  • When upload video. Youtube provide a unique URL for every uploaded video which user can use to share their video to other platform or other youtube user.
  • Iframe is used to show youtube video on other website
  • An embedded URL need in iframe SRC

Wednesday 13 January 2016

Discrete Mathematics Tutorial



Deductive logic

Deductive logic reasoning, a conclusion makes on the behalf of some intact fact which show conclusion is true.

Example

  • All man is mortal
  • Rakesh is a man
  • So rakesh is mortal

Deductive logic some time contra of inductive logic because it has strong fact which to mostly conclusion is true. Deductive logic tends to specific conclusion.

Inductive logic

In inductive logic reasoning a conclusion makes on the behalf of some fact like deductive but it is not always necessary that conclusion will be true.

Example

  • Some parents are addicted to alcohol
  • Then it is necessary to their children will also be addicted to alcohol

Is it always happened ? answer is no, not at all. So fact is strong but not showing conclusion will always be true it may be false. Inductive logic make fact specific to general

Friday 11 December 2015

Software Engineering


Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Overview

Data flow diagram (DFD) represents the flows of data between different processes in a business. It is a graphical technique that depicts information flow and the transforms that are applied as data move form input to output. It provides a simple, intuitive method for describing business processes without focusing on the details of computer systems. DFDs are attractive technique because they provide what users do rather than what computers do.

Monday 7 December 2015

Synopsis : computer Science Project


        A synopsis is a brief summary of your project which you are going to working on. A computer science student of various courses like Btech,MCA,PGDCA,BCA,Bsc-IT,Bsc-CS,’O’ Level,’A’ Level,’B’ Level has to submit a project for complete their course in last semester. In synopsis include a brief detail of our project it’s just like a prototype which shows that how will be project.The page size of the synopsis should be near about 20-25 pages. 

        Following are topics which at least should be cover and student can increase many things depend on the complexity of the project.

Synopsis Topic :

  • Introduction of Project
  • Objective of the Project
  • Scope of the Project
  • Project Plan
  • The Existing System
  • Background of the Organization
  • Current Problems
  • Areas for Improvement
  • Proposed System
  • Input/Output Requirement
  • Hardware and Software Requirement
  • Database Requirement
  • System Design
  • Tables and Fields for Database
  • Database Dictionary
  • E-R Diagram
  • Level 0DFD
  • Level 1 DFD
  • Security Control
  • Future Scope of the Project
  • Conclusion
  • Reference or Bibliography

Download Synopsis :

    Education Hotel/Hospitality
    Commercial Medical


    IGNOU Synopsis


    MBA Project Synopsis


    Request for word file : rajkumar9795@gmail.com

Saturday 21 November 2015

Computer Science Project

Sunday 4 October 2015

Computer Assignment


Assignment is a piece of work done by students, it is like  home work as we have  done home work in small class but in higher class its known as assignment. Assignment includes specific questions set which enhance student knowledge towards related subject. Assignment play an important role for achieving good score in examination, normally assignment is done at end of syllabus completion. 



Thursday 17 September 2015

C language Notes



Hi Reader You can get C language PDF notes with example on following topics So just select your topic  and download notes 

Call By Value/Call by reference

Signed/Unsigned Variable

Saturday 5 September 2015

Select cells, ranges, rows, or columns on a worksheet

On a worksheet, you can select cells, ranges, rows, or columns — for example, to format the data in the selection, or to insert other cells, rows, or columns. You can also select all or part of the cell contents and turn on Editing mode so that you can modify the data.

You can select cells and ranges in a Microsoft Excel table just as you would select them in a worksheet, but selecting table rows and columns is different from selecting worksheet rows and columns.

Thursday 2 July 2015

C Language Problem Solution

Pass 2d Array to function


#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void show(int *ar[][3],int a)
{
int r,c;
for(r=0;r<a;r++)
{
for(c=0;c<3;c++)
{
printf("Enter a number>> ");
scanf("%d",&ar[r][c]);
}
}
clrscr();
for(r=0;r<a;r++)
{
for(c=0;c<3;c++)
{
printf("\t%d",ar[r][c]);
}
printf("\n");
}


Tuesday 30 June 2015

MCQ Question Artificial Intellegence (AI),Java,CCC,Data Structure(DS),UML,DCN,SSAD,HTML,DBMS,VB6.0,VB.Net

Online Test


MCQ Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Get 1000 MCQ list on AI on various Topics
Click to download AI MCQ

MCQ Core - Java

Get 1000 MCQ list on AI on various Topics
Click to download 1000 Java MCQ

MCQ CCC

 Get more than 500 questions  set
Click to download CCC MCQ
Set-1

Saturday 27 June 2015

Information and communications technology,G2C,G2B,G2G,G2E,e-Governance,e-Government


Information and communications technology

Information and communications technology (ICT) is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT), but is a more specific term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.

The term ICT is also used to refer to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management.

Friday 26 June 2015

CPU central processing unit

A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions. The term has been used in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s. Traditionally, the term "CPU" refers to a processor, more specifically to its processing unit and control unit (CU), distinguishing these core elements of a computer from external components such as main memory and I/O circuitry.

Tuesday 16 June 2015

Java Script Tutorial



Loop

A loop describes the process of a software program or script repeats the same instructions or processes the same information over and over until receiving the order to stop. If not handled properly a loop can cause the computer to become slower as it becomes overwhelmed with having to repeat the same steps over and over causing it to get stuck in an endless loop. 

Print A Table Using While Loop

<html>
<head>
      <script language="javascript">
      function table()
      {
         
  

Friday 29 May 2015

Insert bullets in a worksheet

Unlike Microsoft Word, Excel does not provide a button to create a bulleted list in text. However, there are several ways that you can add bullets to a worksheet in Excel.


Insert a bullet symbol into a cell


To quickly add a bullet symbol to a cell, double click in the cell where you want to add your bullet symbol, and then press ALT+7 or ALT+9 using the numeric keypad on your keyboard.

Wednesday 6 May 2015

Sorting

Bubble Sort


#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int ar[5],i,j,flag,tmp;
clrscr();
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
printf("Enter Number>> ");
scanf("%d",&ar[i]);
}
printf("\n\tOriginal Array\n");
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
printf("\t%d",ar[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
flag=0;
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
{
if(ar[j]>ar[j+1])
{
tmp=ar[j+1];
ar[j+1]=ar[j];
ar[j]=tmp;
flag=1;
}
}